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In the 1950s and 1960s, the third generation of computers, also called mainframe computers, came on the scene. Lets see the some of the Characteristics of the third generation of computers:
Characteristics of the third generation of computers
Use of transistors: Transistors replaced vacuum tubes as the main electronic part in the third generation of computers. Vacuum tubes were faster, smaller, and more reliable, but transistors were faster, smaller, and more reliable still. This made third-generation computers more powerful and efficient.
High-level programming languages: High-level programming languages like COBOL and FORTRAN were used in third-generation computers. These languages let programmers write instructions in a way that is easier for humans to understand. This made it easier and faster to write code.
Centralized data processing: Third-generation computers were made so that multiple users could access the computer through terminals and use it for centralised data processing. This made it easier for users to access and analyse data and made it easier to process data.
Size and price: Third-generation computers were much bigger and more expensive than the ones that came before them. This made them harder for small businesses and individuals to use.
Magnetic Storage: Enhanced storage capacity with the widespread use of magnetic devices enabled better data management and retrieval
High Reliability & Lower Maintenance: Integrated circuits reduced hardware failures and maintenance needs.
More Affordable & Compact: While still costly, third-generation computers were more affordable and occupied less physical space compared to earlier generations.
Notable Examples: IBM System/360, IBM 370, PDP-11, UNIVAC 1108, Honeywell-6000, DEC series, and ICL 2900.
In the 1970s and 1980s, microcomputers, which are also called personal computers, became the fourth generation of computers. Some In the 1950s and 1960s, the third generation of computers, also called mainframe computers, came on the scene. Lets see the some of the Characteristics of the fourth generation of computers:
Use of microprocessors: Computers of the fourth generation used microprocessors, which are small chips that hold the computer’s central processing unit (CPU). This made computers of the fourth generation much smaller and easier to carry around than computers of the third generation.
Graphical user interface (GUI): Fourth-generation computers were the first ones to have a graphical user interface (GUI), which let people use a mouse and visual icons to interact with the computer. This made it easier and more natural to use a computer.
Personal computing: The fourth generation of computers were made to be used by one person at a time. A monitor, keyboard, and mouse are used to control the computer. This made computers easier for people to get and cheaper.
Greater Portability & Affordability: The combination of microprocessors and compact units made computers portable and accessible to homes and small businesses
Popularized Operating Systems: Iconic systems like Windows and macOS brought multitasking, networking, and user-friendly environments to mainstream users.
Notable Examples: Intel 4004 (first microprocessor), Apple I, IBM PC, and the development of modern laptops, tablets, and smartphones.
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Comparison Table: Third Generation of Computers vs. Fourth Generation of Computers
Also view: What is multithreading?
Conclusion:The Evolution of Computer Generations
The change from the third generation of computers, which had small, efficient, and reliable mainframe systems powered by integrated circuits, to the fourth generation of computers, which had powerful microprocessors and personal computing, changed how people and businesses used technology. Every new piece of technology, from mainframes in data centers to personal computers on desks, made computers easier to use, cheaper, and more accessible. I hope you enjoy reading this post and learn something new about the third and fourth generations of computers.